Intracellular Fluid
Measurement of intracellular fluid is determined indirectly by subtraction of the measured extracellular fluid from the measured total body water. The intracellular water is 30 to 40 percent of the...
View ArticleExtracellular Fluid
The total extracellular fluid volume represents approximately 20 percent of the body weight. The extracellular fluid compartment has two major subdivisions. The plasma volume comprises approximately 5...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Osmotic Pressure
English: Osmotic pressure is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a solution in a space divided by a differentially permeable membrane due to a differential in the concentrations of solute. (Photo...
View ArticleNORMAL EXCHANGE OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
Knowledge of the basic principles governing the internal and external exchanges of water and salt is mandatory for care of the patient undergoing major operative surgery. The stable internal fluid...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Water Exchange
Global atmospheric water vapor for January 30, 2005. Northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. (Photo credit: Wikipedia) The normal individual consumes an average of 2000 to 2500 mL...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Salt Gain and Losses
The posterior surfaces of the kidneys, showing areas of relation to the parietes. (Photo credit: Wikipedia) In the normal individual, daily salt intake varies from 50 to 90 mEq (3 to 5 g) as sodium...
View ArticleClik here to view.
CLASSIFICATION OF BODY FLUID CHANGES
Intestines (Photo credit: árticotropical) The disorders in fluid balance may be classified in three general categories: disturbances of (1) volume, (2) concentration, and (3) composition. Of primary...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Volume Changes
English: Physiology of Nephron (Photo credit: Wikipedia) Volume deficit or excess usually is diagnosed by clinical examination of the patient. There are no readily available, useful laboratory tests in...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Volume Deficit
Extracellular fluid volume deficit is the most common fluid disorder in the surgical patient. The lost fluid is not water alone, but water and electrolytes in approximately the same proportion as they...
View ArticleVolume Excess
Extracellular fluid volume excess may be generally iatrogenic or secondary to renal insufficiency, cirrhosis, or congestive heart failure. Plasma and interstitial fluid volumes are increased. In the...
View Article
